Researchers mapped the vulnerability of 293 villages in East Kalimantan using the Local Coal Transition Vulnerability Index. Scores ranged from 0.073 to 0.755, revealing that economic shock extends well beyond direct mining sites. Villages dependent on transport routes and worker housing face severe income drops even without active pits.
The findings suggest that policy focus on energy substitution ignores the immediate economic collapse of local service economies. Many alternative livelihoods remain stalled due to a lack of capital and market access, forcing communities to stay tethered to the industry they are meant to replace.
my other side: ivo.blogspot.com
Leave a Reply